Positive tidings for waterbirds

The Hindu,
There has been a 30 per cent increase in the number of waterbirds in Thiruvananthapuram district, the Asian Waterfowl Census, a comprehensive water bird count, says.
The census, carried out on Tuesday, also records spotting of 49 species of birds from Punchakkari, Vellayani, Aruvikkara Reservoir, Akkulam-Veli Lake Complex, Poovar and selected wetlands, including the paddy fields under Krishi Bhavan near Kesavadasapuram.
Of these waterbirds, 15 species are migratory including Black headed gulls, Kentish plovers, Green sandpipers, Wood sandpipers, Sanderlings and Whiskered terns.
The exercise was carried out in six major locations in the capital district by WWF-India with the support of the Social Forestry Wing of Forests and Wildlife Department. Though the number of waterbirds is higher than the last immediate years, a decadal comparison does not show a positive trend. Habitat loss and climate change are the major culprits for this fall.
The heavy rains in the past few months that has considerably elevated the water level is another reason for the fewer number of waterbirds in Punchakkari and Vellayani wetlands, the two major birding hotspots in the outskirts of city .
According to the report, the increased presence of aquatic weeds in Aruvikkara reservoir is one of the major reasons for habitat degradation.

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Wetlands attract more winged visitors


The Hindu, January 26, 2016
The five major wetlands in Kerala, including the Vellayani, Sasthamkotta, Vembanad, Ashtamudi and Pookode lakes, and their surrounding areas are attracting more migratory birds this year, a survey conducted by the Kerala State Biodiversity Board (KSBB) has revealed.
Check list
The board is preparing a check list of birds, as part of the biodiversity assessment of the wetlands. Birdwatching teams are keeping a close tab on the lakes to take stock of the winged visitors. The teams comprising the project groups tasked with the preparation of Panchayat Biodiversity Registers (PBR) visit the allocated area at least two times every week for the survey.
The survey team for the Sasthamkotta wetlands recently recorded the first sighting of the white-necked stork.
Also known as the woolly necked stork or Karuvarakkuru in Malayalam, the species had earlier been sighted at Vembanad, Kole wetlands and along the banks of the Bharathapuzha.
The white neck of the bird contrasts with the black head and body and the large bill is grey with a reddish tip. The legs and feet are red and the eyes deep red.
Measuring up to 95 cm in length, it prefers waterlogged areas and cultivated areas and mostly feeds on fish, frogs, snakes, crabs and molluscs. They rarely wade.
According to the IUCN status, the bird is classified as a vulnerable species.
“We have noticed that the number of migratory birds visiting the wetlands of Kerala is higher this year,” says KSBB member secretary K.P. Laladhas. “It requires a detailed study to understand if this is linked to climate change”.
Favourite spots
The birdwatching team deployed at the Sasthamkotta lake has identified 65 species while that for Vellayani has recorded 131 species.
“The high altitude lake at Pookode in Wayanad seems to have a strong biodiversity, perhaps because of its proximity to the forest,” Dr. Laladhas said.
The biodiversity assessment of wetlands assumes significance in the light of the threats faced by the fragile ecosystems, including the three Ramsar sites — the Sasthamcotta and Ashtamudi lakes and the Vembanad- Kole lands.
In the absence of a conservation and sustainable management plan, the lakes in Kerala are increasingly prone to encroachment, pollution, and debilitation caused by invasive alien species.

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Sand-mining monitoring to go hi-tech

T. Nandakumar
The Hindu,
Monitoring of river sand-mining and transport is set to go hi-tech. The guidelines on sustainable sand mining notified by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFs) earlier this month prescribe a modern, technology-assisted system to keep an eagle eye on mining and transport of river sand.
The guidelines mandate the preparation of a District Survey Report to identify the mining areas.
The procedure for monitoring of river sand-mining prescribes a transport permit with security features like MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition) paper, unique barcode and Quick Response (QR) code, fugitive ink background, invisible ink mark, void pantograph and watermark to avoid counterfeiting.
It also includes an Android-based application to scan the permit using a smartphone. Mining lease areas larger than five hectares will be required to have closed circuit TV (CCTV) cameras and computers with internet connection.
The site would be provided with access control and arrangements for weighing the mined sand.
Transport permit
According to the guidelines, the State Mining Department would print the transport permit and issue it to the lease holder through the District Collector. The permit would be uploaded on the server.
When the barcode on the permit is scanned and an invoice generated, the validity time is recorded on the server. The system allows the details of transporting mineral to be captured on the server.
Enforcement officials can check the consignments of mined sand by scanning the transport permit using website, Android application or SMS. The vehicle can be tracked from source to destination using check points, RFID tags and GPS facility.
The proposed system will facilitate the generation of periodic reports on daily lifting and vehicle log. The District Collector can also block the scanning facility of a site found to be indulging in any irregularity.
An enforcement official intercepting a vehicle illegally transporting sand will be required to report the action for registration on the server.
MoEFs has directed States to comply with the monitoring system within three months.
Greens’ view
Experts and environmentalists feel that the proposed system would help authorities to crack down on illegal sand mining.
“It signals the transition to a sophisticated monitoring system for sustainable mining,” says D. Padmalal, scientist, National Centre for Earth Science Studies.

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Central norms, State law in a mismatch

T. Nandakumar, 

A notification issued by the Union Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change prescribing regulations on river sand mining is feared to result in a mismatch with the State legislation on the issue, sparking concern over its implications on the protection of the ravaged rivers in Kerala.
The notification issued on January 15 mandates the creation of a District Environment Impact Assessment Authority empowered to issue environmental clearance for sand mining below five hectares.
It prescribes guidelines for the preparation of a district survey report to identify river sand resources, protection of the riverine ecology and steps to check illegal mining.
In Kerala, district-level expert committees chaired by the respective District Collectors have been constituted under the Kerala Protection of River Banks and Regulation of Removal of Sand Act, 2001 to identify the locations for river sand mining. In June last year, the State government had imposed a total ban on sand mining from six rivers and imposed restrictions on mining from five rivers for a three-year period. The decision was based on the sand audit report of 11 rivers prepared in accordance with the state Act.
Experts’ fear
Experts and environmental activists fear that the uncertainty over which would prevail, the State Act or the Central notification, would create a situation for illegal mining to flourish in the State.
“Unless the issue is clarified, confusion will prevail, setting the stage for unscientific exploitation of river sand resources,” says Latha Anantha, Director, River Research Centre. “It is neither necessary nor desirable to have a district expert committee set up under the State Act and a District EIA Authority mandated by the Central notification, both chaired by the District Collector. It will only lead to confusion and conflict,” says N.K. Sukumaran Nair, general secretary, Pampa Parirakshana Samithi.
Experts fear that the exemptions cited in the notification would be manipulated to bypass the requirement of environment clearance for river sand mining.
Extraction of ordinary sand, removal of sand deposits from farms and silt from dams and reservoirs are among the activities that have been exempted.

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District panels to keep tabs on mining

T. Nandakumar

he Union Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change has issued a notification delegating the regulatory powers for mining of minor minerals to district-level authorities, evoking mixed reactions from environmentalists and members of regulatory bodies in Kerala.
The final notification issued on January 15 mandates the setting up of a District Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (DEIAA) and District Expert Appraisal Committee (DEAC). Though the State government has no role in the selection of members to the district agencies, the Ministry has modified the draft notification to provide the State EIA Authority (SEIAA) with supervisory jurisdiction over the DEIAA, with the power to review its decisions.
The district-level agencies will appraise and grant environment clearance for individual mining lease up to five hectares and mining clusters up to 25 hectares. Mining leases up to 25 hectares will not require public hearing for grant of environment clearance. The draft notification had prescribed public hearing for all leases above five hectares.
The Ministry has also made minor modifications to the constitution of the DEIAA and DEAC. The District Collector will chair the four-member DEIAA. The Sub Divisional Magistrate will be the member secretary.
The senior-most Divisional Forest Officer and an expert nominated by the Chief Conservator of Forest will be the other two members. The 11-member DEAC will be chaired by the Executive Engineer, Irrigation Department, with the Assistant Director or Deputy Director, Mining and Geology, as member secretary.
Welcoming the delegation of regulatory powers, sources said it would lessen the burden of the SEIAA by about 25 per cent. They, however, maintained that the DEIAA and DEAC would not be competent to appraise or grant environment clearance.
Greens’ view
Environmentalists feel that district-level agencies would be more amenable and sensitive to public demands for regulation of mining activities.
Pointing out that the majority of stone quarries in Kerala fell within the B2 category (of area less than or equal to five hectares) SEIAA, Kerala, had proposed that the extent of mining area to be delegated to the district-level authority be limited to three hectares.

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An unusual visitor flies in

The Hindu, January 22, 2016
 During the course of their annual Asian waterfowl census of Kollam and Thiruvananathapurm districts last week, members of the Thiruvananthapuram-based Warblers and Waders, a nature and bird lovers’ forum, chanced upon a flock of slender-billed gulls ( Larus genei ) along the Vellanathuruthu beach in Kollam. These migratory birds are not common winter visitors to Kerala.
C. Susanth, who led the census team, said there were 21 one slender-billed gulls among a mixed flock of about 500 black-headed gulls and brown-headed gulls. The team visited the Vellanathuruthu beach twice for confirming the sighting of this rather uncommon bird in these areas.
Though these birds have an extremely large global range, this is the first recorded sighting of these gulls along south of Kayamkulam. The earlier sighting of these gulls in Kerala were recorded from the Kadalundi estuary and Purathur estuary (Malappuram), Chavakad beach (Thirssur), Ittikulam beach (Kannur), and Purakkad and Thottapally (Alappuzha), he said. In Asia, these birds are usually residents of east Kazakhstan, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Mr. Susanth said the adult bird has a white head throughout the year, deep red bill but looking a bit pale in winter and pale iris. The preferred habitats of this migrant gull comprise coastal waters, lagoons, estuaries, large tidal creeks and salt pans. The other migrant shore birds recorded by the team at Vellanathuruthu were green shank, red shank, sanderling, Kentish plover, lesser sand plover, Pallas’s gull, Heuglin’s gull, greater crested tern, lesser crested tern, little tern, gull-billed tern, common sandpiper and whimbrel.
Other members of the team were G. Santhosh Kumar, S.S. Ratheesh and R. Prasath. It was the 26th annual Asian Waterfowl Census of the two districts carried out by the members of the Warblers and Waders.

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Survey reveals butterfly diversity of Wayanad

T. Nandakumar

A three-day butterfly survey organised by the Kerala State Biodiversity Board (KSBB) and the Forest and Wildlife Department in North Wayanad has revealed 178 species, including at least four rare species. The survey which covered portions of the North Wayanad forest division, Wayanad wildlife sanctuary and South Wayanad forest division was conducted to document the butterfly diversity of the region and understand their role as indicators of the state of the environment.
As many as 43 species of skippers, 44 species of blues, 15 species of swallow tails, 19 white and yellows and 57 species of brush-footed butterflies were recorded. The Sahyadri Banded Tail was first recorded from the region. Rare species like the Danaid egg fly, Crimson Rose and Malabar Banded Swallow Tail were sighted from Mattilayam, Periya and Kuruva island. As many as 180 people, including 40 students, from various biodiversity clubs in Wayanad district, 19 experts, six officials from KSBB and nine Forest staff participated in the survey. The expert team included Muhammed Jaffer Palot, senior scientist, Zoological Survey of India; Balakrishnan Valappil; Chandrasekharan Koyilandi; and Pavithran Vadakara.
The participants were split into 15 groups to cover different transect each day. Each group consisted of one or more experts, forest watchers and staff from KSBB. A datasheet and detailed species checklist were prepared for each transect. The photographs of all the butterflies have been filed.
K.P. Laladhas, member secretary, KSBB, said the survey was part of a study to assess the migration pattern of butterflies and use it as a tool to formulate conservation strategies.
Climate change issues
“Apart from understanding the biological behaviour of the species, the study will also help to assess how climate change influences mass migration. The findings of the survey will be linked to other data like climate parameters to draw inferences”, he said.
“In many countries, butterflies are recognised as environmental indicators for their sensitive response to habitat and climate changes,” says Oommen V. Oommen, chairman, KSBB. He said periodic surveys would be conducted to keep the data up to date.

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Soft coral poses threat to marine biodiversity

T. Nandakumar,

Colonies of snowflake coral ( Carijoa riisei ), an invasive species recently documented off the coast of Thiruvananthapuram and Kanyakumari, could pose a serious threat to the marine ecology of the region, according to scientists.
Scuba divers working for Friends of Marine Life (FML), a local NGO, have recorded the presence of several colonies of the fast-growing alien species amid barnacle clusters on the rocky reef off the coast of Kovalam in Thiruvananthapuram and Enayam, Kanyakumari.
The documentation was done as part of a research project harnessing the traditional knowledge of the fishermen community to assess the marine biodiversity of the region.
The snowflake coral is known to inhabit reefs and underwater structures such as shipwrecks and piers, attaching itself to metal, concrete and even plastic. It is considered an invasive species because of its capacity to dominate space and crowd out other marine organisms.
Researcher Robert Panipilla, who coordinated the project, said the colonies of the soft coral were documented at 10 m depth off Kovalam and 18 m depth off Enayam. “Last month, we deployed scuba divers after receiving information from local fishermen that the species had colonised parts of the reef, ” he said.
A native of the tropical Western Atlantic and the Caribbean, C.riisei was first reported as an invasive species from Hawaii in 1972. Since then, it has spread to Australia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines. In India, it has been reported from the Gulf of Mannar, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Gulf of Kutch and Goa.
With its capacity to thickly settle and occupy a variety of surfaces, C.riisei can destabilise the marine ecosystem, says K. Padmakumar, Pro Vice Chancellor, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS). He fears it will crowd out other species like corals, sponges, algae, ascidians that contribute to the rich marine biodiversity of the region. Because of the lack of baseline data, C.riisei is not recognised as an invasive species in India.
Prof. Padmakumar, who had published the presence of C.riisei in the Gulf of Mannar in 2011, said the presence of the soft coral colonies off the southern coast could also lead to livelihood issues. “The mussel beds off the Vizhinjam coast are vulnerable to C.riisei invasion since the coral preys on the mussel larvae,” he says.
Mr. Robert said the FML would share the findings of the survey with the scientific community to evolve a management strategy for the invasive species.


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Mangrove forest on chopping block again

Ignatius Pereira,

The Ayiramthengu mangrove forests at Alapad panchayat in Kollam district, restored by the government eight years ago, is now being destroyed by a government agency for another scheme.
Environment activist V.K. Madhusoodanan said that in the past couple of weeks at least 10 acres of the restored mangroves had been razed using earthmovers to lay a road and construct a sluice across a canal to link the estuarine island of Ayiramthengu with three such islands in the adjacent Alappuzha district for a tourism project. The work is being carried out by the Agency for Development of Aquaculture Kerala (ADAK).
Pearl spot hatchery
The government had handed over the entire island to ADAK for raising a pearl spot (karimeen) hatchery. An ADAK authority who did not wish to be quoted said that the road was being laid under a plan approved by the government.
The irony is that the 50-acre Ayiramthengu mangrove had served as the biggest pearl spot natural hatchery before its destruction, Mr. Madhusoodanan said.
After the tsunami in December 2004, the importance of mangrove forests as an effective natural barrier to sea surges gained recognition. But the paradox at Ayiramthengu is that it is the restored mangroves of an area devastated by the tsunami which is being wantonly destroyed.
Illicit breweries
Soon after the ban on arrack in 1996, the mangrove forest became a safe haven for illicit breweries.
The trees were felled and used as firewood for breweries. In 1998 the government announced a restoration programme. A Fisheries Department team under the K.M. Lethi, the then Deputy Director (Fisheries), camped at Ayiramthengu and planted nearly 10,000 red mangrove saplings.
Red mangroves were selected because Ayiramthengu used to be the State’s biggest natural habitat of this mangrove species.
By 2008, Ayiramthengu regained its past glory in 25 acres. But two years later destruction restarted when the State Fisheries Resource Management Society began dredging the area to create ponds for a fish hatchery under an aquaculture programme. In 2013, the island was handed over to ADAK.

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Forecasting landslide in the Western Ghats


The Hindu,  January 3, 2016
A village-level early warning system based on rainfall threshold data and landslide records could be the most viable method for landslide risk management in the Western Ghats, according to a scientific paper presented at a workshop organised by the National Centre for Earth Science Studies here on Friday.
Presenting the paper, Pankaj Jaiswal from the Geological Survey of India said forecasting of the trigger, in this case the rainfall, could provide information on when landsliding would occur. This, in conjunction with landslide susceptibility maps, could be used to delineate potentially hazardous areas in the Western Ghats and provide early warning.
Dr. Jaiswal proposed the establishment of a threshold model for small river catchments or at the taluk level, along with installation of rain gauges at the village level, collection and dissemination of daily rainfall data and analysis of the data for threshold exceedance. The automated process could be implemented at the village level through panchayats. The paper also proposed public display of the threshold exceedance graph and susceptibility map to facilitate community-based response. Dr. Jaiswal explained how the GSI had modelled the rainfall threshold for the Nilgiri area using rainfall data and landslide records. The cost-effective model was successfully validated in November 2009 and deployed for village-level early warning.
Pointing out that high population density, unplanned settlements, unscientific slope cutting for infrastructure development, and transgress of population to hazardous areas posed a challenge for landslide risk management in areas like the Nilgiris, he said public awareness coupled with early warning could minimise the damage to life and property. Another paper by Kusala Rajendran from the Indian Institute of Science said the low-level seismic activity observed in parts of Kerala like the Wadakkancherry earthquake in 1993 and the couple of earthquakes that struck Pala in 2000 and 2001 were associated with the reactivation of shear zones.
Ms. Rajendran said a strong case of fluid-induced seismicity had been observed at the Idukki reservoir, noted for the low level activity that has decreased since the initial onset, but still persists and is in some ways related to the filling of the reservoir and rainfall in the catchment.

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7 leopard deaths in Kerala last year

Ignatius Pereira, 

Leopard deaths from the State during 2015 stood at a low of seven compared to 352 deaths reported from across the country. Besides, of 76 leopard skins seized from different parts of the country, only one was from Kerala.
Statistics provided by the Wildlife Protection Society of India (WPSI) for 2015 show that poaching accounted for two of the seven leopard deaths in Kerala. Four leopards were found dead in forests and one died after being run over by a vehicle.
The accident occurred in the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary at Muthanga on the Kozhikode-Mysore National Highway in April. The vehicle involved could not be identified.
The leopard skin was seized at Shanghumugham in Thiruvananthapuram in September. The seizure was made when four persons attempted to sell the pelt.
Chief Wildlife Warden G. Harikumar told The Hindu that one of the prime factors that could have contributed towards the low leopard mortality rate in the State was the Forest Department’s efforts in preventing the emergence of a market for wild animal parts. “Stray incidents are quickly detected and all involved are brought before the law,” he added.
He said the department had created awareness among the people that killing of wild animals was a grave offence. Another factor was the intelligence gathering activity of the department.
O.P. Kaler, Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Biodiversity Cell), said besides availability of prey inside the forests, geographical and awareness factors have contributed to the security of leopards. Mr. Kaler said though a leopard straying into human habitations was comparatively low in Kerala, when that happened, the cat went unnoticed in most cases because of the protective cover it got outside the forest areas.

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TDB to press for delinking 500 ha from PTR

Radhakrishnan Kuttoor,

The Travancore Devaswom Board (TDB) has decided to approach Prime Minister Narendra Modi seeking delinking of 500 hectares of forestland in and around Sabarimala from the Periyar Tiger Reserve (PTR) for providing foolproof basic pilgrim facilities as recommended by the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) of Parliament a decade ago.
Talking to The Hindu on Saturday, TDB president Prayar Gopalakrishnan and member Ajay Tharayil said they would meet the Prime Minister after the Makaravilakku festival seeking his help in developing Sabarimala into an international pilgrimage centre by providing sustainable amenities.
Inadequate facilities
The TDB leaders said Sabarimala, situated 467 metres above mean sea level, has been plagued by grossly inadequate basic pilgrim facilities due to non-availability of space.
Mr. Tharayil said the concept of Sabarimala pilgrimage itself stood for preserving the pristine glory of the sacred grove ( poonkavanam ) and the TDB was for providing basic pilgrim facility there in an eco-friendly manner. However, frequent intervention and intimidation by the Forest Department have been posing hurdles on the path of the temple administrative body’s efforts to ensure proper basic pilgrim facilities at Sabarimala, he said.
He said the board had only 25 hectares of land, allotted by the erstwhile kingdom of Travancore, in its possession at Sabarimala. He added that a TDB team would invite Mr. Modi to visit Sabarimala at the earliest.
Mr. Tharayil said the PAC visited Sabarimala in 2004, and in 2005 to collect first-hand information regarding the problems faced by the pilgrim centre. Chapter II of one of the reports submitted by the PAC has discussed problems facing the pilgrims on account of the inclusion of Sabarimala in the PTR. The report has categorically stated that delinking Sabarimala from the PTR was the only remedial measure to address the plight of the pilgrims.

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Breathing new life into Gayathripuzha

K.A. Shaji,

In a last-ditch attempt to save the Bharathapuzha’s main feeder, the Gayathripuzha, from an imminent death, the Kerala State Land Use Board (KSLUB) has prepared a comprehensive database using computerised Geographic Information System (GIS) on the entire natural resources available in and around the river basin to augment conservation efforts to be launched by the State government in association with local bodies soon.
The database involves even minute details of all the hills, hillocks, wells, canals, reservoirs, tanks, streams, and biodiversity available in 29 grama panchayats coming under the Gayathripuzha river basin. It would help detect even minor encroachments and plundering of the resources by real estate and sand-mining mafias.
The database is a prelude to the conservation efforts to be initiated by the board with help of the Revenue, Forest, Irrigation and Agriculture Departments along with local bodies coming under Alathur, Nenmara, Kuzhalmandam and Kollangode development blocks.
Participatory steps
According to board commissioner A. Nizamuddin, the database was prepared in recent months by board officials through grassroots level participatory initiatives with involvement of local communities.
“Apart from recharging the dying river, it would help preserve available water resources in the rain shadow region. Most areas coming under these development blocks lack enough drinking water,” he said.
Large-scale deforestation in its origins apart from adverse changes in land-use patterns on its banks has almost killed the Gayathripuzha, a perennial source of drinking water for a vast portion of Palakkad district. Studies conducted by board regional assistant director R. Rugmini and agricultural officer V. Bindu found 13 among the 28 watershed areas of the river basin as extremely damaged and their revitalisation quite impossible.
Under threat
The Ayalurpuzha, Vandalipuzha, Meenkarapuzha and the Chulliyar are also facing imminent death due to severe changes in land-use pattern. Water level in the Mangalam, Pothundi, Chulliyar and Meenkara dams is also receding as a result of the decreasing flow in the river.
Illegal quarries in areas such as Muthalamada and Kizhakkanchery are badly affecting the sustenance of the river. Rubber plantations in areas such as Pittakkari Kulambu also prevent groundwater discharge and the replenishing process. Traditional drains which carried rainwater to the river have been blocked at many parts of the region following reclamation of paddy fields for non-agricultural needs. Building mafias are also adding to the grim situation.

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Development model for Ghats mooted



Union Minister of State for Science and Technology and Earth Sciences Y.S. Chowdary has urged scientists to develop a framework for sustainable development of the Western Ghats, based on a better understanding of the evolution and environmental issues of the region.
Delivering the inaugural address at a two-day workshop organised by the National Centre for Earth Science Studies (NCESS) here on Friday, he stressed the need for scientific studies to understand the role of the Western Ghats as a climate regulator in the Indian subcontinent. He said the rich biodiversity, dense population, and the economic and infrastructure development of the region necessitated a broader understanding of the environmental issues facing the ecologically sensitive region.
Mr. Chowdary urged research institutions like NCESS to set higher targets in research and interact with the government. Underlining the need to utilise the huge talent pool in the country, he said it was time to reverse the brain drain and convert it into a brain gain. He called on the NCESS to seek the support of the State government for the development of the institution and come up with meaningful projects for financial assistance from the Centre.
In his keynote address, Somnath Dasgupta, former Vice Chancellor, Assam University, and chairman, Research Advisory Committee, NCESS, called on scientists to link research programmes with societal issues.
Executive Vice President, Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment, Suresh Das highlighted the need to take up studies on the degradation of the Western Ghats and the loss of biodiversity.
Organised in connection with the foundation day celebrations of the NCESS, the workshop is designed to provide a better understanding of the critical knowledge gaps in the geological evolution, geo-environmental issues, and natural resource management of the Western Ghats for future studies of the region. Scientists from research institutions across the country are delivering the lead talks and presentations.

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Natural history museum coming up

Ignatius Pereira,

The doors of the Forest Department’s first natural history museum coming up at a cost of Rs.1.08 crore at the forest complex at PTP Nagar, Thiruvananthapuram, will soon be thrown open to the public. The project is expected to be launched later this month.
Additional Principal Chief Conservator of Forests (Infrastructure and HRD) Shripal, who designed the project, told The Hindu that the museum will provide visitors an opportunity to explore natural history, ecology, and a variety of forests of the State through dioramas which showcase typical wildlife in a range of Western Ghats locations, including tropical evergreen, deciduous, shola, and grasslands. It has a marine wildlife section as well.
The museum has been set up on two floors. Though the prime target is students, it is informative to all age groups, says Mr. Shripal. The museum is equipped with audio presentations to enable visitors get an in-depth understanding of the State’s wildlife from the forest floor to the forest canopy.
The museum introduces the visitor to the forests through a description of the State’s geography and climate and moves on to nature and natural history of the forests. There are two leopards and a tiger in the museum stuffed in original pelt. The visitor will even get an opportunity to feel the texture of a true leopard skin.
But the most informative wing of the museum is the one dealing with sandalwood. The section has original sandalwood tree parts on display and the star attraction is the root portion of a huge tree, the part of the tree having the highest oil content. The section provides information on all therapeutic and cosmetic uses of sandalwood.
Other interesting sections include a forest vegetation map of Kerala, diorama on flightless birds of the State’s forests, information on birds, reptiles, plants and insects found in the Kerala forests. There are also dioramas on typical wildlife range locations to make the visitor get the feel of being inside a forest surrounded by native wild animals.
After the visit, children can participate in a quiz programme.
Mr. Shripal says visitors will be charged a token entry fee.

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Green tribunal orders closure of granite quarry

Radhakrishnan Kuttoor, Pathanamthitta
The Hindu,
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has ordered the District Collector here to take necessary steps to stop the functioning of a private granite quarry at Thudiyurulippara at Vallikkode-Kottayam in Konni taluk.
The NGT was disposing of a writ petition filed by the Grama Raksha Samiti (GRS) represented by Shekharan Nair, according to Hareesh Vasudevan, lawyer who represented the petitioner at the tribunal.
Mr. Vasudevan said the NGT had also stayed the environment clearance granted for granite quarrying at Thudiyurulippara.
The quarry situated in an extent of six hectares of land was supposed to obtain environment clearance from 2006. But, the quarry operators could obtain clearance only in October last, making its functioning all these years illegal.
On the basis of the NGT order, the Konni tahsildar has served a notice to Ambadiyil Granites to stop granite quarrying at Thudiyurulippara with immediate effect.
Meanwhile, the GRS strongly opposed the shifting of the illegally quarried granite by the quarry owners on Friday.
The GRS questioned the environment clearance granted to the quarry by the State Environment Department.
The NGT accepted the petitioner’s argument that the quarry operators had encroached upon forestland as well as Revenue Puromboke land, Mr. Vasudevan said.
GRS has been campaigning against granite quarrying at Thudiyurulippara for the past few years. The samiti leaders alleged that the quarry functioning in an extent of 5.27 ha of land required mandatory environment clearance from the Union Ministry of Environment and Forests on the basis of a proper environmental impact assessment.
GRS spokesmen Sujith K.S., Jyothish R. and N.B. Thankachan alleged that the two granite crusher units functioning in the quarry too required special permission.


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